When a patient presents with a history of periorbital trauma, the globe must first be thoroughly evaluated for evidence of injury. Finally, the lateral wall of the orbit is comprised of the zygomatic bone and greater wing of the sphenoid. The orbital roof divides the orbit from the anterior cranial fossa and is composed of the frontal bone and the lesser wing of the sphenoid. It is through this tract that infections may spread from the sinus into the orbit. The medial wall possesses small anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina that pierce through the wall and communicate with the adjacent ethmoid sinus. The lamina papyracea, translated from Latin as “thin wall,” is part of the ethmoid bone and is the thinnest bone of the orbit. The medial wall is formed by the maxillary bone, ethmoid bone, lacrimal bone, and lesser wing of the sphenoid. The largest paranasal sinus, the maxillary sinus, lies directly below the orbital floor. The infraorbital canal passes within the floor, and the bone medial to it is thin and susceptible to fracturing. The floor of the orbit is formed by the maxillary bone, palatine bone, and orbital process of the zygomatic bone. This article will familiarize readers with orbital fractures by reviewing clinical examination techniques, demonstrating common imaging findings, and providing guidance on imaging and referral patterns.įour walls form the boundaries of the orbit. While ophthalmologists are often consulted to evaluate trauma patients, optometrists are less likely to have experience with these cases. Orbital fractures are a common result following trauma, often due to motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, falls, or assault.
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